AIF, PARP-1 and MicroRNA-9 expression in cerebral ischemia associated to alcoholism experimental model / Expresión de AIF, PARP-1 y MicroRNA-9 de isquemia cerebral asociado a un modelo experimental de alcoholismo

The chronic consumption of alcohol causes a worsening of the events that follow the cerebral ischemia. These events are regulated through the expression of several genes and microRNAs. The aimof this work was To analyze and describe the expression profile of PARP and AIF and miRNA-9 proteins in rats submitted to focal cerebral ischemia, associated or not with chronic alcoholism model. Methods: Twenty adult Wistar rats, subdivided into: control; ischemic; alcoholic and ischemic / alcoholized for immunohistochemical analysis and miRNA-9 gene expression. Results: There was a reduction in the protein expression of PARP-1 and a positive marking for AIF in the ischemic / alcoholized group. The miRNA-9 did not obtain significant expression. The association of ischemia with chronic alcohol use promoted a tendency to low expression of miRNA-9, low expression of PARP-1 and high expression of AIF, indicating an interference in the protective effect of miRNA-9 be observed in the other groups.

El consumo crónico de alcohol provoca un empeoramiento de los eventos que siguen a la isquemia cerebral. Estos eventos están regulados a través de la expresión de varios genes y microRNA. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar y describir el perfil de expresión de las proteínas PARP y AIF y microRNA-9 en ratas sometidas a isquemia cerebral focal, asociadas o no, con el modelo de alcoholismo crónico. Veinte ratas Wistar adultas se dividieron en: grupo control, isquémico alcohólico, e isquémico / alcoholizado para análisis inmunohistoquímico y expresión de genes microRNA-9. Resultados: Hubo una reducción en la expresión de proteínas de PARP-1 y un marcado positivo para AIF en el grupo isquémico / alcoholizado. No se observó una expresión significativa en el microRNA-9. La asociación de la isquemia con el consumo crónico de alcohol promovió una tendencia a la baja expresión de microRNA-9, baja expresión de PARP1 y alta expresión de AIF, lo que indica una interferencia en el efecto protector de microRNA-9 en los otros grupos.

Analysis of Knowledge Level in Brazilian Students about Human Papillomavirus Infection and Development of Penile Cancer

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV), belonging to the Papovavirida family, is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) agent worldwide. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are 3-6 million people infected with HPV. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of young male students about penis cancer related to HPV infection. Methods: This exploratory and quantitative study was conducted to analyze answers of 242 male students attending a private college located in Uberaba city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, during 2015. Results: Most of the 242 participants (88.8%) affirmed having started sexual life very early, the majority (79.3%) were currently married and 69.8% had a single sexual partner. Regardless of their knowledge about HPV virus and its relationship with penis cancer, our data showed a general lack of awareness of the participants. Conclusion: Our results suggest that despite efforts to propagate information about HPV infection and its relation to penis cancer, the level of knowledge of students is low. Because of that, it is important to improve the information spread by media, emphasizing prevention and treatment of HPV infection in men.

Relationship of muscle strength with activities of daily living and quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / Relação das forças musculares com as atividades da vida diária e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Abstract Introduction: Few activities of daily living (ADLs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are tolerated because they are associated with ventilatory and metabolic changes. Simply lifting the upper limb muscle requires changes, resulting in thoracic abdominal asynchrony, increased dyspnea, and can interfere with quality of life (QoL). Objective: to relate the muscle strength of the shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip with the degree of dyspnea in ADLs and secondarily correlate them with QoL in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and Methods: Nine male subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease III and IV (COPDG) and nine healthy, sedentary male individuals - control group (CG) were evaluated. All patients underwent the following evaluations: Pulmonary function, muscle strength of shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip, and questionnaires. Results: In the intergroup analysis found that the spirometric variables of the COPDG were significantly lower compared to the CG. Intragroup analysis for measures of muscle strength, found significant difference for shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip between both groups (COPDG) with lower mean (CG). Only the shoulder girdle had a positive correlation with ADL's and QoL. Conclusion: COPDG individuals, in addition to having pulmonary compromise, showed a significant decrease in muscle strength of the shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip when compared to the CG. Only the shoulder girdle strength was positively correlated with the level of dyspnea in ADL's in QoL. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation is an important tool for strengthening these muscles, possibly providing a positive impact on the degree of dyspnea during ADLs and reflecting on QoL.

Resumo Introdução: As atividades da vida diária (AVD's) na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica(DPOC) são poucas toleradas pelo fato de estarem associadas a alterações ventilatórias e metabólicas. A simples elevação dos membros superiores altera o recrutamento muscular, resultando em assincronia toracoabdominal, aumento da dispneia, podendo interferir na sua qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: relacionar as forças musculares da cintura escapular(CE), tronco(T) e preensão palmar(PP) com os graus de dispneia nas AVD´s e secundariamente correlacioná-las com a QV em indivíduos com DPOC. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 09 indivíduos com DPOC (III e IV) do sexo masculino - grupo DPOC (GDPOC) e 09 indivíduos saudáveis sedentários - grupo controle (GC). Todos foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações: prova de função pulmonar, forças musculares da CE, T, PP e questionários. Resultados: Na análise intergrupos constatou que as variáveis espirométricas do GDPOC foram significativamente menores comparados aos do GC. Na análise intragrupo, para as medidas das forças musculares, observou-se diferença significativa para PP, T e CE entre ambos os grupos (GDPOC com média menor que GC). Somente na força da CE houve correlação positiva com as AVD´s e QQV. Conclusão: Concluímos que indivíduos do GDPOC possuem, além do comprometimento pulmonar, apresentam diminuição significativa da força muscular da CE, T e PP quando comparado ao GC. Somente na força da CE houve correlação positiva com os graus de dispneia nas AVD´s e na QV. Sendo assim, a reabilitação pulmonar é um importante instrumento para o fortalecimento dessa musculatura proporcionando possivelmente um impacto positivo nos graus de dispneia durante as AVD´s e refletindo na QV. [K].

Força Muscular Respiratória de Universitários Saudáveis / Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy University Students

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os valoresobtidos com os valores preditos da pressão inspiratóriamáxima e pressão expiratória máxima em estudantesuniversitários saudáveis. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa dotipo quantitativa, transversal e comparativa, na qual fizeramparte 12 estudantes com idades entre 20 e 39 anos,sedentários e com índice de massa corporal entre 18 e 29,9.A avaliação da força muscular respiratória foi realizada pormeio do aparelho manovacuômetro e de acordo comprotocolos já estabelecidos na literatura. As variáveiscategóricas foram analisadas por meio da estatísticadescritiva em frequência simples. Para verificar a normalidadedos dados aplicou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e em seguidao teste Wilcoxon para ambos os sexos separadamente. Ostestes foram considerados estatisticamente significativosquando p<0,05. Resultados: Dos 12 universitários oito(66,7%) eram do gênero masculino, que apresentarammaiores médias para peso (74,04), altura (1,75) e IMC (23,82)em relação às mulheres. Os valores de Pressão InspiratóriaMáxima (p<0,109 mulheres; p<0,351) e Pressão ExpiratóriaMáxima (p<0,109 mulheres; p<0,463 homens) obtidosmostraram-se inferiores aos preditos em ambos os sexos.Conclusão: Constatou-se que os resultados nãoapresentaram significância estatística, porém os valoresobtidos foram inferiores aos valores preditos em estudantesuniversitários...

This study aimed to perform a comparativeanalysis of obtained and predicted values of maximalinspiratory and expiratory pressure in healthy universitystudents. Material and Methods: This was a quantitative,cross-sectional and comparative study including 12 studentsaged between 20 and 39 years, sedentary, and with bodymass index between 18 and 29.9. The evaluation ofrespiratory muscle strength was performed using themanometer apparatus according to protocols established inthe literature. Categorical variables were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics in single frequency. Data normality waschecked by Shapiro-Wilk test and then Wilcoxon test wasapplied for both sexes separately. The findings wereconsidered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Of the12 university students, 8 (66.7%) were male and presentedhigher means for weight (74.04), height (1.75) and BMI(23.82) compared to females. The maximum inspiratorypressure values (p<0.109 female; p <0.351 male) andmaximum expiratory pressure values (p <0.109 women; p<0.463 men) obtained were found to be lower than thepredicted ones in both sexes. Conclusion: Although with nostatistical significance, the values obtained were found tobe lower than the predicted ones in university students...